Contribution margin

What it means

Contribution margin is sales revenue minus variable costs. It shows what remains to cover fixed costs and then profit.

How to do it

1. Classify the costs

Separate costs that change with activity from fixed costs for the relevant period and range.

2. Calculate the margin

Find contribution per unit, total contribution or the contribution margin ratio, keeping units and periods consistent.

3. Explain the decision

Connect the result to break-even, pricing, product mix or a special decision without ignoring capacity and demand.

Common mistakes & limitations

Classification can change

A cost may behave differently outside the relevant range. Contribution margin also does not capture every strategic or cash-flow consideration.

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