Resources · Use evidence
Make the evidence chain visible.
What it means
Connect each important claim to the source, calculation, table, figure or observed result that supports it.
How to do it
1. State the claim precisely
Name the metric, group, period and direction. Avoid a broad conclusion when the evidence covers only one sample or scenario.
2. Identify the evidence role
Distinguish source facts, assumptions, calculations and interpretations. A citation can support a method without proving your result.
3. Reconcile numbers
Keep filters, periods, units and rounding consistent across prose, tables and charts. Explain any deliberate difference.
4. State the limitation
Say what the evidence cannot establish, such as causation, probability or performance outside the observed period.
Worked example
“NPV falls 15% when sales volume falls 10%” reports the scenario. It does not prove that the sales decline is likely.
Common mistakes & limitations
Coursework check
Can a reader trace each recommendation back to a finding and see the boundary of that finding?
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